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Banking education
Banking education is a term used by Paulo Freire to describe and critique the traditional education system. The name refers to the metaphor of students as full containers which educators must remove knowledge from. This reinforces a lack of critical thinking and knowledge ownership in students, which in turn reinforces oppression.
== Definition ==
The term banking education was first used by Paulo Freire in his highly influential book Pedagogy of the Oppressed.〔http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm〕 Freire describes this form of education as "fundamentally ''narrative'' (in) character"〔Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p.57〕 with the teacher as the Subject (that is, the active participant) and the students as passive objects.
Instead of communicating, the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the "banking" concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits.
〔Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p. 58.〕
Education is thus seen as a process of depositing knowledge into passive students. Teachers are the epistemological authority in this system; students' pre-existing knowledge is ignored, aside from what was expected to be 'deposited' into them earlier. Freire also refers to a banking paradigm as regarding students to be "adaptable, manageable beings. ... The more completely they accept the passive role imposed on them, the more they tend simply to adapt to the world as it is and to the fragmented view of reality deposited in them."〔Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p. 60.〕
In the banking concept of education, knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to know nothing. ... The teacher presents himself to his students as their necessary opposite; by considering their ignorance absolute, he justifies his own existence.
〔Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, p. 58.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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